HABER SPRINGS, Mich. — Byose byatangiye mu 1990, ubwo akarere ko mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa Peninsula yo hasi kari gafite ububiko bubiri bwo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho byakoreshejwe buterwa inkunga n'imisoro mito y'imyaka ibiri.
Muri iki gihe, gahunda yo kongera gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rihanitse mu Karere ka Emmett yakuze ivamo inyungu ya miliyoni nyinshi z'amadolari ku baturage barenga 33.000 bo muri ako gace, igurisha toni ibihumbi by'ibintu bishobora kongera gukoreshwa ku bigo byo muri Michigan no mu karere k'ibiyaga bigari kugira ngo bikore ibicuruzwa bishya. Ndetse banabonye uburyo bwo kongera gukoresha amasashe ya pulasitiki.
Impuguke zivuga ko gahunda y’imyaka 30 y’Amajyaruguru ishobora kuba icyitegererezo cy’amategeko umunani inteko ishinga amategeko ya leta itegereje ashobora gufasha Akarere ka Michigan kubaka uburyo bwinshi bwo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho byo kongera gukoresha, kugabanya aho imyanda ijugunywa no kunguka mu buryo bukomeje kwiyongera. Teza imbere ubukungu bw’ibikomoka ku bimera bishobora kongera gukoreshwa n’ibikomoka ku ifumbire.
“Berekanye ko ishoramari rya leta muri ubu bwoko bw’ibikorwa remezo ritanga umusaruro — mu buryo bw’ingirakamaro ku baturage, kandi 90 ku ijana by’ibikoresho bakusanya binyuze muri gahunda yabo yo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho mu buryo busanzwe bigurishwa ku bigo byo muri Michigan,” ibi ni ibyatangajwe na Kerrin O'Brien, umuyobozi mukuru w’umuryango udaharanira inyungu wa Michigan Recycling Alliance.
Mu kigo cya Harbour Springs, ukuboko kwa roboti guca mu mukandara wimuka, gukuramo plastiki nziza, ikirahure na aluminiyumu mu bisanduku byo gutondeka. Uruzi rw'ibikoresho bivanze rutemba mu ruziga kugeza igihe roboti ikuyemo ibintu byose bishobora kongera gukoreshwa ku mapiki 90 ku munota; undi murongo w'ibikoresho mu kindi cyumba niho abakozi batora impapuro n'amasanduku mu mukandara wimuka n'igikapu.
Ubu buryo ni ishingiro ry'imyaka myinshi y'ishoramari muri gahunda ikorera mu turere twinshi, abayobozi bavuga ko bubatse umuco wo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho mu ngo, mu bucuruzi no mu bibanza rusange.
Igipimo cyo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho mu butaka muri leta ya Michigan kiri inyuma y’igice kinini cy’igihugu ku kigero cya 19 ku ijana, kandi ukwiyongera kw’ubwitabire bizagabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere muri rusange kandi bigere ku ntego nshya z’iki gihugu. Siyansi igaragaza ko imyuka ihumanya ikirere nka dioxyde de carbone na methane bifatira ubushyuhe mu kirere kandi bigatera ubushyuhe bw’isi n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Muri Michigan, amategeko agenga ibishobora kongera gukoreshwa ni uruvange rw'ibice bitandukanye niba abaturage cyangwa ibigo byigenga bishyiraho gahunda n'ibikoresho bahitamo kwakira. Hari ahantu hakoresha pulasitiki zimwe na zimwe gusa, ahandi hakoresha ikarito y'umukara gusa, kandi hari aho usanga hataratangwa uburyo bwo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho.
Itandukaniro riri hagati y’ibikorwa byo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho mu Karere ka Emmett n’ahandi muri Michigan ni igihe kirekire n’ishoramari mu bikorwa remezo byo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho ndetse n’imibanire irambye n’ibigo bikoresha ibikoresho. Irangi rya latex, matelas zakoreshejwe n’amatara akoresha urumuri byanabonye uburyo bushya bwo gukoresha ibikoresho, nk’uko abayobozi babivuze.
“Abantu bayoboraga Akarere ka Emmett icyo gihe bari bategereje cyane kugerageza gushishikariza abantu kongera gukoresha ibikoresho mu buryo bwo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho mu buryo bwo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho mu buryo bwo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho mu buryo bwo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho mu buryo bwo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho mu buryo bwo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho mu buryo bwo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho mu buryo bwo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho mu buryo bwo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho mu buryo bwo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho mu buryo bwo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho mu buryo bwo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho mu buryo bwo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho mu buryo bwo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho mu buryo bwo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho mu buryo bworoshye,” ibi byavuzwe na Andy Torzdorf, umuyobozi wa gahunda.
Ikigo cya Harbour Springs ni sitasiyo yo kohereza imyanda, aho imyanda inyuzwa mu mwobo w’imyanda washyizweho amasezerano, ndetse n’ikigo gifite imiyoboro ibiri yo kongera gukoresha imyanda. Itegeko ry’akarere risaba ko imyanda yose yo mu ngo inyura muri icyo kigo kandi ko abatwara imyanda bose bishyura amafaranga amwe yo kuyitwara.
Torzdorf yagize ati: “Abaturage bashobora kongera gukoresha ibikoresho ku buntu. Imyanda ntabwo ari yo, bityo hari impamvu yo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho. Ibyo ubwabyo biha abaturage impamvu yo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho – kugura kongera gukoresha ibikoresho.”
Imibare igaragaza ko mu 2020, ikigo cyatunganyije toni 13.378 z'ibikoresho bishobora kongera gukoreshwa, byapakiwe bigashyirwa mu makamyo, hanyuma byoherezwa bigurishwa mu bigo bitandukanye kugira ngo bikoreshe ibyo bikoresho. Ibi bikoresho byaje guhinduka amabati yo kumesa imyenda, amasahani y'ibimera, amacupa y'amazi, amasanduku y'ibinyampeke, ndetse n'impapuro z'ubwiherero, n'ibindi bicuruzwa bishya.
Amasosiyete menshi agura ibikoresho byasubiwemo bya Emmet County aherereye muri Michigan cyangwa mu tundi duce tw’akarere k’ibiyaga bigari.
Aluminiyumu ijya mu kigo cya Gaylord gishinzwe ibiribwa bisigaye; pulasitiki Nomero ya 1 na 2 zoherezwa mu kigo cy’i Dundee gukora uduce duto twa pulasitiki, nyuma bigahindurwamo amacupa ya sabune n’amazi; amakarito n’ikibaho cyo gushyiramo ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa container byoherezwa mu kigo cyo muri Upper Peninsula Kraft mills n’ikigo gikora ibikoresho byo gupakira ibiribwa i Kalamazoo, n’ibindi; amakarito n’ibikombe byoherezwa mu ruganda rukora imyenda i Cheboygan; amavuta ya moteri yongera kunonosorwa i Saginaw; ikirahure cyoherezwa mu kigo cy’i Chicago gukora amacupa, ibikoresho byo gukingira no gukuba; ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga byoherezwa mu bigo byo gusenya i Wisconsin; n’ahandi hantu ho kugura ibindi bikoresho.
Abateguye uyu mushinga banashoboye kubona ahantu muri Virijiniya aho bashoboraga kugura ikamyo yuzuye imifuka ya pulasitiki n'amapaki ya firime—ibikoresho bizwiho kugorana gucunga kuko bishobora gufatirwa mu bikoresho byo gusesengura. Imifuka ya pulasitiki ikorwamo imbaho zivanze zo gushariza.
Tolzdorf yavuze ko bareba neza ko ikintu cyose Emmet County Recycling yemera "gishobora kongera gukoreshwa kandi gishobora kongera gukoreshwa." Ntibemera ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose kidafite isoko rikomeye, ibyo yavuze ko bivuze ko nta Styrofoam ihari.
“Ibikoresho bishobora kongera gukoreshwa byose bishingiye ku isoko ry’ibicuruzwa, bityo imyaka imwe iba myinshi indi ikaba mike. Mu 2020 twinjije hafi $500.000 tugurisha ibishobora kongera gukoreshwa, naho mu 2021 twinjije arenga miliyoni 100 z’amadolari y’Amerika,” Tolzdorf yagize ati.
“Bigaragaza ko isoko rizaba ritandukanye rwose. Byagabanutse cyane mu 2020; byasubiye ku rwego rwo hejuru mu myaka itanu mu 2021. Rero ntabwo dushobora gushingira imari yacu yose ku kugurisha ibintu bishobora kongera gukoreshwa, Ariko iyo ari byiza, biratugirira akamaro kandi biradutwara, kandi iyo rimwe na rimwe bitameze neza, sitasiyo y’ubwikorezi igomba kututwara no gutwara imari yacu.”
Sitasiyo yo kohereza imyanda yo mu karere yagenzuye hafi metero kibe 125.000 z'imyanda yo mu ngo mu 2020, yinjije hafi miliyoni 2.8 z'amadolari y'Amerika.
Tolzdorf yavuze ko kongerwaho ibikoresho byo gusesengura amarobo mu 2020 byongereye ubushobozi bw'abakozi ku kigero cya 60 ku ijana kandi byongera umubare w'ibikoresho bishobora kongera gukoreshwa ku kigero cya 11 ku ijana. Ibi byatumye habaho igihe kirekire cyo gukoresha iyi gahunda nk'akazi k'igihe cyose gahabwa inyungu mu karere.
Imyaka myinshi y’imbaraga zashyizweho n’inzego zabanjirije iyi n’iziriho ubu mu kuvugurura amategeko agenga imyanda ikomeye ya Michigan yarangiye habayeho umushinga w’amategeko ugamije kunoza uburyo bwo kongera gukoresha imyanda, kuyitunganya no kuyikoresha mu buryo bushya. Imishinga y’amategeko yatowe mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko mu mpeshyi ya 2021 ariko kuva icyo gihe yahagaze muri Sena nta biganiro cyangwa iburanisha rya komite.
Raporo nyinshi zakozwe na leta zisuzuma iki kibazo kandi zivuga ko abaturage ba Michigan bishyura arenga miliyari imwe y'amadolari ku mwaka kugira ngo bacunge imyanda yabo. Muri iyi myanda yo mu ngo, ibikoresho bishobora kongera gukoreshwa bifite agaciro ka miliyoni 600 z'amadolari bishyirwa mu myanda buri mwaka.
Igice kimwe cy’amategeko ateganyijwe kizasaba uturere kuvugurura gahunda zatwo zisanzweho zo gucunga ibikoresho bigezweho, gushyiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho byo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho, no guteza imbere ubufatanye mu karere kugira ngo hashyirweho ibigo byo kongera gukoresha no gutunganya ifumbire. Leta izatanga inkunga yo gukoresha muri ibyo bikorwa byo gutegura igenamigambi.
Uturere twa Marquette na Emmett ni ingero nziza z'ibikorwa byo mu karere mu gutanga serivisi, nk'uko byatangajwe na Liz Browne, umuyobozi w'Ishami rishinzwe Imicungire y'Ibikoresho mu Ishami rishinzwe Ibidukikije, Ibiyaga Bigari n'Ingufu muri Michigan. Andi matsinda yo muri Michigan nayo ashobora guteza imbere gahunda zikomeye zo kongera gukoresha no gufumbira ibidukikije, ibyo akaba ari ingirakamaro mu bukungu n'ibidukikije.
Brown yagize ati: “Gusubiza ikintu mu bikorwa nta ngaruka bigira kuruta gutangirana n’ibikoresho bidafite isuku. Iyo tuba twaragize icyo dukora muri Michigan kandi tukagira isoko muri Michigan, twagabanya cyane ingaruka zacu ku bucuruzi bw’ibintu.”
Browne na O'Brien bombi bavuze ko amwe mu masosiyete ya Michigan atashoboye kubona ibiryo bihagije bishobora kongera gukoreshwa mu nzego za leta. Bagomba kugura ibi bikoresho mu zindi leta cyangwa ndetse no muri Kanada.
Karl Hatopp, umuyobozi ushinzwe ibikoresho muri TABB Packaging Solutions i Dundee, yavuze ko gufata ibindi bikoresho bishobora kongera gukoreshwa mu myanda yo muri Michigan byagirira akamaro ibigo byishingikiriza ku kugura ibikoresho byakoreshejwe nyuma yo kubigura. Akarere ka Emmett, kamaze imyaka 20 gacuruza plastiki ya mbere n'iya kabiri, katangiye no kugura ibikoresho fatizo mu bigo bisubiramo ibikoresho muri Marquette na Ann Arbor, nk'uko yabitangaje.
Hartop yavuze ko pulasitiki zishobora kongera gukoreshwa zicibwamo resin ya nyuma yo gukoreshwa, cyangwa "pellet," hanyuma ikagurishwa ku nganda zo muri Westland n'izindi muri Ohio na Illinois, aho zikorwamo amacupa yo kumesa imyenda n'amacupa y'amazi ya Absopure.
Yagize ati: “Uko dushobora kugurisha ibikoresho byinshi (turi muri Michigan), niko turushaho kuba beza.” Niba dushobora kugura byinshi muri Michigan, dushobora kugura bike ahantu nka California cyangwa Texas cyangwa Winnipeg.”
Iyi kompanyi ikorana n'izindi kompanyi za Dundee zakuriye mu nganda zikora ibikoresho byo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho. Imwe muri zo ni sosiyete ikora ibijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga risukuye, aho Hartop avuga ko amaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo akora.
Yagize ati: “Clean Tech yatangiye ifite abakozi bane none ubu dufite abakozi barenga 150. Mu by’ukuri, ni inkuru y’intsinzi.” Uko turushaho gukoresha ibikoresho mu buryo bushya, ni ko dukora imirimo myinshi muri Michigan, kandi iyo mirimo igakomeza kuba myinshi muri Michigan. Ku bijyanye n’ibyo, kongera gukoresha ibikoresho mu buryo bushya ni ikintu cyiza.”
Imwe mu ntego za Gahunda nshya y’Imiterere y’Ikirere mu buryo bw’Ubuzima ya MI ni ukongera igipimo cy’ibikoreshwa mu kongera ibiribwa kugeza nibura kuri 45 ku ijana bitarenze umwaka wa 2030 no kugabanya imyanda y’ibiribwa mo kabiri. Izi ngamba ni imwe mu nzira iyi gahunda isaba ko Michigan izagera ku bukungu butarimo karubone bitarenze umwaka wa 2050.
Icyitonderwa ku basomyi: Iyo uguze ikintu ukoresheje imwe mu mahuza yacu affiliate, dushobora kubona komisiyo.
Kwiyandikisha cyangwa gukoresha uru rubuga bigaragaza ko twemera Amasezerano yacu y'Abakoresha, Politiki y'Ibanga n'Itangazo rya Kuki hamwe n'Uburenganzira bwawe bw'Ibanga muri California (Amasezerano y'Abakoresha yavuguruwe 1/1/21. Politiki y'Ibanga n'Itangazo rya Kuki yavuguruwe 5/1/2021).
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-06-2022