Bite ho igikapu cy'impapuro zo mu kinyejana cya 19？

Bite ho igikapu cy'impapuro zo mu kinyejana cya 19？

Kera mu kinyejana cya 19, mbere yuko hajyaho ibicuruzwa binini, wasangaga abantu bagura ibicuruzwa byabo bya buri munsi kububiko bw'ibiribwa hafi y'aho bakoreraga cyangwa batuye.Birababaje umutwe kugurisha ibicuruzwa bya buri munsi kubaguzi nyuma yo koherezwa kububiko bwibiribwa muri barrale, imifuka yimyenda cyangwa agasanduku k'ibiti.Abantu barashobora gusohoka gusa guhaha bafite ibitebo cyangwa imifuka yimyenda yo murugo.Muri kiriya gihe, ibikoresho fatizo by'impapuro byari bikiri jute fibre n'umutwe ushaje w'igitare, byari bifite ubuziranenge kandi buke, ndetse ntibishobora no gukenera gucapa ibinyamakuru.Ahagana mu 1844, Umudage Friedrich Kohler yahimbye uburyo bwo gukora ibiti byo gutema ibiti, byateje imbere cyane inganda z’impapuro kandi bibyara mu buryo butaziguye ubucuruzi bwa mbereigikapumu mateka.

Mu 1852, Francis Waller, umunyamerika w’ibimera, yahimbye uwambereigikapuimashini ikora, icyo gihe yazamuwe mu Bufaransa, mu Bwongereza no mu bindi bihugu by'i Burayi.Nyuma, ivuka rya paniimpapuron'iterambere ryaigikaputekinoroji yo kudoda yatumye imifuka yipamba ikoreshwa mugutwara imizigo myinshi nayo yasimbuweimpapuro.

Iyo bigeze kubwa mbereigikapu cy'umukarayo guhaha, yavutse mu 1908 i St. Paul, muri Leta ya Minnesota.Walter Duverna, nyiri iduka ryaho, yatangiye gushakisha uburyo bwo kubona abakiriya kugura ibintu byinshi icyarimwe kugirango bazamure ibicuruzwa.Duverna yibwiraga ko ari umufuka wateguwe uhendutse kandi woroshye gukoresha kandi ushobora gutwara byibuze ibiro 75.Nyuma yubushakashatsi bwagiye busubirwamo, azaba ubuziranenge bwibikoresho byiyi fuka ifunze kuriimpapuro z'umukara. , impapuro zirakomeye, zirashobora kwihanganira impagarara nini nigitutu kitavunitse.Nyuma yimyaka ine, uwambereigikapu cy'umukarayakozwe mu guhaha.Ni urukiramende hepfo kandi rufite ubunini bunini kuruta V-gakondoigikapu.Umugozi unyura munsi no kumpande zumufuka kugirango wongere ubushobozi bwo kwikorera imitwaro, hamwe nuburyo bubiri bworoshye-gukuramo bikurura hejuru yumufuka.Duverna yise igikapu cyo guhaha nyuma ye kandi aragitanga mu 1915. Kugeza ubu, miliyoni zirenga imwe muri iyo mifuka yagurishwaga buri mwaka.

Kugaragara kwijimyeimpapuroyahinduye imitekerereze gakondo ivuga ko ingano yo guhaha ishobora kugarukira gusa ku bintu bishobora gutwarwa mu biganza byombi, kandi bigatuma abaguzi batongera guhangayikishwa no kutayitwara, bigabanya umunezero wo guhaha ubwabyo.Birashobora kuba ugukabya kuvuga koigikapu cy'umukarayazamuye ibicuruzwa muri rusange, ariko byibuze yahishuriye ubucuruzi ko bidashoboka guhanura ibintu byinshi abaguzi bazagura kugeza igihe uburambe bwo guhaha buzaba bworoshye, bwisanzuye kandi bworoshye bushoboka.Nukuri iyi ngingo niyo itera abaje-nyuma guha agaciro uburambe bwabaguzi, kandi bigateza imbere iterambere ryibiseke bya supermarket hamwe nigare ryubucuruzi nyuma.

Mu kinyejana cyakurikiyeho, iterambere ryijimyeimpapuro imifuka yo guhahabirashobora kuvugwa ko byoroshye, kunoza ibikoresho bituma ubushobozi bwayo bwo gutwara bikomeza kwiyongera, isura yarushijeho kuba nziza, abayikora basohora ibicuruzwa byose byerekana ibicuruzwa, ibishushanyo kumifuka yimyenda yubururu, mumaduka n'amaduka mumihanda. .Kugeza mu kinyejana cya 20 rwagati, hagaragaye imifuka yo guhaha ya pulasitike yabaye indi mpinduramatwara nini mu mateka y’iterambere ry’imifuka.Nibyoroshye, birakomeye kandi bihendutse kugirango bikore ibyiza nkibisanzwe byamamaye yumukara wimpapuro umufuka wuzuye.Kuva icyo gihe, imifuka ya pulasitike yabaye ihitamo rya mbere ryo kurya buri munsi, mu gihe imifuka y’inka yagiye “isubira ku murongo wa kabiri”.

Amaherezo, yazimyeigikapu cy'umukarairashobora gukoreshwa gusa mwizina rya "nostalgia", "kamere" na "kurengera ibidukikije" kumubare muto wibicuruzwa byita kuruhu, imyenda nibitabo, amajwi n'amashusho bipakira.

Ariko isi yose irwanya plastike irahindura ibitekerezo byabashinzwe ibidukikije gusubira keraigikapu cy'umukara.Kuva mu 2006, Ubushinwa bwa McDonald bwatangiye buhoro buhoroigikapu cy'umukarakubiryo byafashwe mubicuruzwa byayo byose, gusimbuza ikoreshwa ryimifuka yibiribwa bya plastiki.Iki cyemezo cyagarutsweho n’abandi bacuruzi, nka Nike na Adidas, bahoze ari abakoresha cyane imifuka ya pulasitike, kandi bagasimbuza imifuka yo guhaha ya pulasitike n’impapuro zijimye zo mu rwego rwo hejuru.