Nanone, pulasitiki yagaragaye ko ikwirakwira hose mu nyanja. Agwa mu mazi y’inyanja ya Mariana Trench, bivugwa ko yageze kuri metero 35,849, umucuruzi wo muri Dallas, Victor Vescovo, yavuze ko yabonye ishashi ya pulasitiki. Ntabwo ari ubwa mbere: iyi ni inshuro ya gatatu pulasitiki iboneka mu gice cyo hasi cy’inyanja.
Vescovo yiroshye mu bwato bwo mu mazi ku ya 28 Mata nk'igice cy'urugendo rwe rwa "Five Depths", rurimo urugendo rugana mu bice byimbitse by'inyanja zo ku isi. Mu masaha ane Vescovo yamaze munsi y'umugezi wa Mariana, yabonye ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi, bumwe muri bwo bushobora kuba ubwoko bushya - umufuka wa pulasitiki n'udupfunyika tw'amabombo.
Bake ni bo bageze mu bujyakuzimu bukabije nk'ubwo. Injeniyeri w’Umusuwisi Jacques Piccard na Liyetona w’Ingabo za Amerika Don Walsh ni bo ba mbere mu 1960. Umushakashatsi wa National Geographic akaba n’umukinnyi wa filime James Cameron yarohamye mu nyanja mu 2012. Cameron yafashe icyemezo cyo kwibira mu mazi kugeza ku bujyakuzimu bwa metero 35.787, hafi gato ya metero 62 Vescovo yavugaga ko yagezemo.
Bitandukanye n'abantu, pulasitiki igwa byoroshye. Mu ntangiriro z'uyu mwaka, ubushakashatsi bwakorewe ku bimera binini byakuwe mu miyoboro itandatu yo mu nyanja, harimo na Mariana, maze busanga byose byari byariye microplastics.
Ubushakashatsi bwasohotse mu Ukwakira 2018 bwagaragaje ko ipulasitiki izwi cyane - isakoshi yo guhaha ishobora kwangirika - yabonetse mu bujyakuzimu bwa metero 36.000 mu mwobo wa Mariana. Abahanga mu bya siyansi bayivumbuye basuzumye Deep Sea Debris Database, igizwe n'amafoto na videwo by'abantu 5.010 binjira mu mazi mu myaka 30 ishize.
Mu myanda yashyizwe mu byiciro yanditswe muri database, pulasitiki ni yo ikunze kugaragara cyane, cyane cyane imifuka ya pulasitiki ikaba ari yo soko nini y’imyanda ya pulasitiki. Indi myanda yavuye mu bikoresho nka kawucu, ibyuma, imbaho n’imyenda.
Kugeza kuri 89% bya pulasitiki zakoreshejwe mu bushakashatsi zari izikoreshwa rimwe gusa, izikoreshwa rimwe hanyuma zikajugunywa, nk'amacupa ya pulasitiki cyangwa ibikoresho byo ku meza bikoreshwa rimwe.
Umugezi wa Mariana si icyobo cyijimye kitagira ubuzima, gifite abaturage benshi. Ikigo gishinzwe ubushakashatsi cya NOAA Okeanos Explorer cyasesenguye ubwimbike bw'akarere mu 2016 maze kivumbura ibinyabuzima bitandukanye, birimo amoko nka korali, jellyfish na octopus. Ubushakashatsi bwa 2018 bwagaragaje kandi ko 17 ku ijana by'amashusho ya pulasitiki yanditswe muri database yagaragaje uburyo runaka bwo gukorana n'ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi, nk'inyamaswa zigwa mu myanda.
Plasitike ikoreshwa rimwe iri hose kandi ishobora gufata imyaka amagana cyangwa irenga kugira ngo ibore mu gasozi. Nk’uko byagaragajwe n’ubushakashatsi bwo muri Gashyantare 2017, urwego rw’umwanda mu mugezi wa Mariana ruri hejuru mu turere tumwe na tumwe ugereranyije n’imigezi imwe n’imwe yanduye cyane mu Bushinwa. Abanditsi b’ubwo bushakashatsi bavuga ko imyanda ya shimi iri mu miyoboro ishobora kuba ituruka kuri plastiki iri mu mazi.
Inyoni zo mu bwoko bwa Tubeworms (umutuku, umukungugu n'inkangu zo mu bwoko bwa jockey crab zibona ahantu hafi y'aho amazi ashyuha. (Menya inyamaswa zidasanzwe zo mu miyoboro miremire cyane yo mu nyanja ya Pasifika.)
Nubwo pulasitiki ishobora kwinjira mu nyanja mu buryo butaziguye, nk'imyanda yajugunywe ku mucanga cyangwa ijugunywe mu bwato, ubushakashatsi bwasohotse mu 2017 bwagaragaje ko inyinshi muri zo zinjira mu nyanja ziturutse mu migezi 10 inyura mu midugudu y’abantu.
Ibikoresho byo kuroba byasizwe nabyo ni isoko ikomeye y’umwanda wa pulasitiki, ubushakashatsi bwashyizwe ahagaragara muri Werurwe 2018 bwerekana ko ibyo bikoresho bigize igice kinini cy’ubutaka bunini bwa Great Pacific Garbage Patch buri hagati ya Hawaii na California bungana na Texas.
Nubwo bigaragara ko mu nyanja hari pulasitiki nyinshi kurusha iyo mu ishashi imwe ya pulasitiki, icyo kintu cyavuye ku ishusho y’umuyaga idasanzwe kigera ku rugero rw’ingaruka abantu bagize ku mubumbe.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-30-2022